Podcast #5 Typography

Define typography?
art of express ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces

Where did the word "typography" originate from?
form and writing

What does typography involve?
creating and modifying type using a variety of illustration techniques

What is a typeface?
distinctive designs of visual symbols

What is another term for typeface?
fonts

What is a character?
individual symbols that make up a typeface

What is type style?
modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface

What does type style "create" within a design?
design variety

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters, where lower case letters stop

What is a base line and what does it indicate?
imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters, where all symbols sit

What is an ascender?
the part of the character that extends above the waist line

What is a descender?the part of the character that extends below the waist line

Describe a serif?
smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter

How can the size of the typeface be identified?
point size, from the top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender

What is a point?
the vertical measurement used to identify the size of a typeface.

How many points are in an inch?
72

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
1

How many points are in a pica?
6

What is body type and where can it be found?
type sizes that range from 4-12 points.  Found in places where a lot of text is to be read

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
readability is key

What is display type and how is it used?
sizes above a 12, used to draw attention to a message

What is reverse type and when would it be used?
white type on a solid black or dark background. display type is necessary

What is a typeface classification?
basic system for classifying typefaces that was devised in the 19th century

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
earliest typeface, used in the mid 1400s with the printing press

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
very ornamental with varying thick and thin strokes

When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
Made in the 16th century based on ancient roman inscriptions

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
wedge shapes and angled serifs, with low contrast in thick and thin strokes

When were formal scripts developed?
17th and 18th century

When were casual scripts developed?
20th century

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?based on forms made with flexible writing tools, like brushes, reminiscent of handwriting
 
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
the late 18th century as a radical break from traditional typography

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
sharp contrast between thick and thin lines, flat and thin serifs

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
early as the fifth century, but the Italian renaissance's return to old style made it obsolete 

When did they become popular?

in the 1920s

What does "sans serif" mean?
without serifs

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
no serifs and very monotone, no variation in thickness and thinness

When was Slab Serif developed and why?
in the 19th century for advertising

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
uniform line weight, but with thick square serifs

Describe Decorative typefaces?
most distinctive designs, with a specific purpose or theme

Why were they developed?
for these specific themes that no other typeface fit

What are they best used for?
larger point sizes, or display type

Review Week 13.... spoooookkkkyyyyyy

repetitionrepetitionrepetitionrepetition

The repetition used in this image is pretty self explanitory.  The architect just repeated the same archway over and over in a single file line down a hall.

 BalancE

Balance in this design is used to create a sense of order, as it is symmetrical, formal, balance.  This is accomplished by having the same weight, or amount of actual images, on either side of the vertical axis.

 scale

Scale is the relative size of elements in comparison to each other, and the human body is most often used.  This Dali piece does just that.  If the human had not been there, one may have thought that it were just a regular sized horse and elephant with spider legs. The human, though is there, not only as a symbol, but to show the actual enormity of the other elements in the design

 emPHasis

Emphasis is used in this design primarily through the lines of the moonlight dragging the eyes of the viewer to the eye of the subject of the picture.

UNITY

Figure

RhYtHm

contrast

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?by clicking the button on the layers pallet that is a little circle and coloring in the part of the layer that you want masked.
What two colors are used to create the mask?
Black and white
Describe the process of using a layer mask?
First, click the button, then make sure you have the mask selected, then color whatever you want masked black with the brush tool, then if you mess up recolor what you don't want masked white, then sit back and enjoy your mask.

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?He creates art by cutting up pictures often from magazines and creates people.

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?

Time, Newsweek, The New Yorker and the New York Times among others across the world.  He has also illustrated children's books and his work has been used on Nickelodeon and HBO.

This piece was published in the New York Times.  He seems to use elements and principles like contrasts, with his whites and blacks, and emphasis, with the lines of the arm and the brush bringing out the art board, though it is small.

This was published in the New York Times.  Kroninger utilizes mainly emphasis, exagerating the size of the nose and Mr. Allen's trademark glasses, to make the picture s a whole more recognizable.

Review Week 14

1. Maryland Institute College of Art
2. Baltimore, Maryland
3. Graphic Design, Interaction design and art, Multimedia  

4.  SAT Critical Reading:	530 - 670
SAT Math:	500 - 620
SAT Writing:	520 - 650

1.  Savannah College of Art and Design
2.  Savannah, Georgia
3. Commercial/Advertising Art, Fashion Design, Game and Interactive Media Design, Graphic Design, Printmaking, Digital Communications/Multimedia

4.  SAT Critical Reading:	490 - 610
SAT Math:	470 - 580
SAT Writing:	470 - 590
ACT Composite:	20 - 26

1.  Rhode Island School of Design
2.  Providence, Rhode Island
3.  Fashion Design,  Graphic Design, Printmaking

4.  SAT Critical Reading:	540 - 680
SAT Math:	590 - 690
SAT Writing:	560 - 680
ACT Composite:	22 - 29

1.  Otis College of Art and Design
2.  Los Angeles, California
3.  Fashion Design,  Graphic Design, Multimedia

4.  SAT Critical Reading:	460 - 570
SAT Math:	460 - 620
ACT Composite:	19 - 23

  


1.  Pratt Institute
2.  Brooklyn, New York
3.  Digital Arts, Fashion Design,  Graphic Design, Multimedia

4.  SAT Critical Reading:	510 - 620
SAT Math:	520 - 650
SAT Writing:	500 - 630
ACT Composite:	23 - 29

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.  What is a portfolio?
     A portfolio is a collection of all the works that you have completed

2.  What is the importance of a portfolio?

     Portfolios are important because you can send them to colleges or job prospects to show them how good you                are at what you do.

Podcast 4: Principles of Design

Define principles of design?
concepts used to arrange structural elements of design

What do the principles of design affect?
they affect the message that is sent

What is the principle of repetition?
repeating some aspect of a design throughout the work

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
it controls the readers eye and helps keep their attention on the piece

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color design element, particular format, spatial relationships

What should you avoid when working with repetition?
you can't repeat so much that it is annoying or overwhelming

What is the principle of proportion/scale?
relative size and scale of the various elements in a design

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
the human body

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
unusual or unexpected scale is a real good one for doing that

What is the principle of balance?
the overall distribution of heavy and light elements on a page

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
irregularo shapes

What is another name for symmetrical balance?
formal balance

Define symmetrical balance?
the weight of a design is evenly distributed about either a vertical or horizontal axis

What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
informal balance

Define asymmetrical balance?
when the weight of a design is NOT balanced AROUND an ais.

What is the principle of emphasis?
stressing a particular area for focus instead of a maze of details of equal importance

What happens to a design that has no focus?
nothing stands out, boooooorrrrriiinnnnnggggngngng

What is a focal point and how is it created?
you have to make one area dominant while making all other areas contributing or subordinate

How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
there can be only one!!

What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
sudden change in direction size shape texture color tone or line

What is the principle of unity?
its the wholeness of a compostion

What three ways can unity be obtained?
1. put objects close together for sure

2. or you could probably make things closer

3. and last and also not very much so the leastest, you can use lines that guide the eyes around a design

What is the principle of variety?
differences and diversity in work, makes things interesting

What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
by varying textures colors and shapes, and altering their tone contrast and intensity

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
so that you are not boring or chaotic and so that you can achieve an effective design

What is figure?
what the eye differentiates as what it should look at

What is another name for figure?
positive space

What is ground?
the area surrounding the figure

What is another name for ground?
negative space

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
It will depend on the relationships betwixt the elements.  It means that the design will be abstract

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
because rythym and unity are important to an effective design

What is the principle of rhythm?
using common elements throughout the work to guide readers

How is rhythm achieved?
using similar elements in effective patterns

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1.intervals between elements are the same

2.a more organic sense of movement

3.a sequence of shapes across the space-time continuum

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
it helps deliver effective message by guiding the readers eyes

What is the principle of contrast?
occurs when related elements are different

How can contrast help a design?
draw the viewers eyes in and helps guide

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
too much= muy confusing too little= boring

What is the key to working with contrast?
make sure the differences are obvious

What are some common ways of creating contrast?
sharp differences in size shape color tone texture direction etc.