Thursday, March 15, 2012

Assignment 16: Research and Inspiration

 Research
- An infographic is a means by which one can communicate information visually

What makes an infographic?
  • Quick clear information
  • Things that would require too much word explain are told visually
  • Be concise first, add broadening infromation later
What are infographics used for?
  • Maps are considered some of the first "infographics"
  • other current common versions of infrographics are things such as graphs and time lines
  • Infographics are commonly used for education, in the news, and by activist and other non profit organizations to  disseminate knowledge effectively
Inspiration
Coffee Drinks IllustratedI particularly like when infographics incorporate the thing that they are explaining as the information like this.  I also like how simple it is

http://www.lissettearias.com/Images/MortgageCrisisTimeline-Infographic.png I like this timeline because it feels very dynamic. It has great rythym and feels like its coming atchya

Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD

What is an abacus?
device used for simple calculations

In 1936,  Zuse invented this type of computer?
first freely programmable computer

Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.
http://www.diycalculator.com/imgs/hist-mark1.jpg

In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
for ballistic calculations for the US navy

Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.
http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/images/1951_univac_large.jpg

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom?
for the census beaureau

What does UNIVAC stand for?
 Universal Automatic Computer

In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
International Buisiness Machine

What is FORTRAN?
First successful high level program language

Post a photo of the first mouse.
http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/Archive/patent/mouse2s.gif

In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
he invented the mouse

What is the significance of ARPnet?
Helped protect information between a network of military computers around the world

In 1971, Intel introduced this? Post a photo of it.
the intel 4004
http://www.cpu-zone.com/4004/Intel%20C4004%20Grey%20Stripe_1.JPG

In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.
the floppy disk
http://nethackz.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/capture63.jpg

In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
the ethernet computer network

During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.
http://www.vintage-computer.com/images/altair8800.jpg
Altair
http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2006/04/apple-I.jpg
Apple I

http://oldcomputers.net/pics/appleii-system.jpg
Apple II
http://www.old-computers.com/museum/photos/Tandy_Model1_System_s1.jpg
TRS-80
http://oldcomputers.net/pics/pet2001-black.jpg
Commodore PET


In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?

they introduced the MS-DOS

Post a photo of the Lisa computer.
http://www.cedmagic.com/history/lisa-computer.jpg

In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
Apple

What is GUI?
Graphical User Interface

Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.

In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?

the apple macintosh

The commercial only ran one time. When?
that was that superbowl commercial that referenced Orwell's 1984, cool commercial

In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
Windows OS

Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?
Steve and Steve, Jobs and Wozniak, respectively

When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?
Nov. 12 1990

Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?
an easter egg is a hidden joke, or message inside things like games, movies, books, and in this case software

Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.

Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?

they're just getting crazier and more omnipotent, they'll probably just take over the world.

Wednesday, March 14, 2012

Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?with engraving prints

What is a camera obscura?a device that projects its surrounding onto a screen

Post an example of a camera obscura.
http://people.wcsu.edu/mccarneyh/acad/800px-Camera_obscura_2.jpg

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?artists used it to trace images, and scholars like astronomists used it to safely view solar eclipses

From where did the photographic camera develop?the portable box version of the camera obscura

Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?John Hershel.  Photo, meaning light, and graph, meaning writing

Post an the first photograph. 
http://wwwimage.cbsnews.com/images/2003/11/21/image584976x.jpg

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?Joseph Niepce

Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
http://research.mfa.org/mellon/media/dag.jpg

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Daguerre.  It was able to create perminent photos, and was quick, but it was expensive and photos could not be duplicated

Post an example of a Calotype image.
http://www.iphotocentral.com/Photos/csphoto_Images/Full/CS4229.jpg

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Fox Talbot.  Unlimited amounts of duplicate images can be made, but the images were not as high of quality as the daguerrotype

Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/DSarcher.jpg

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Frederick Scott Archer.  Exposure times were lower and it was much cheaper, but the plates needed to still be exposed immediately

Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
http://www.alternativephotography.com/articles/images_articles/mp_exploratorium_1-m.jpg

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Richard Maddox.  The negatives did not need to be exposed so quickly, but it was still way too complex for the average person

Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? He is known for making photography able for all.  He established the Eastman-Kodak company

Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
http://0.tqn.com/d/dc/1/0/W/g/kodak_camera.jpg

In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?His company would do all the work for the people.  Also, he invented the Brownie, which was cheap and therefor accessible.

What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?Patenting polarized light film.  He founded Polaroid Corp.
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/images4/polaroid.JPG

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?60 seconds

What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?he paved the way for motion pictures

Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
http://0.tqn.com/d/inventors/1/0/I/0/1/muybridge.gif

What is the Zoopraxiscope?a device that project a series of images of the same thing in motion

Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Zoopraxiscope_16485d.gif

How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
He used a series of cameras in a line that were triggered by the horse itself

In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?individual images to be stored on a single, consequent film reel

Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJaPwK6JGzBKJjqHrBm3QcZ62kNRbs8-c06GNpo_Jf2qr_muVwblL_Vxfi6vcPgJMnDLlDiLnK3B9AgCvfJvzO_FKE4_IexZmIZ_S3Ef0wZ3AnY01UHagP1QSj44XBjea2_4WPiWBP2_lx/s1600/Film-Projector1.jpg

What is a motion picture projector?
it projects these images of motion from a reel onto a screen

The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter? Christopher Sholes

What is a "stenographer"?somebody who records the transcript of official events

Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
http://www.self-reliance-works.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/300px-Sholes-typewriter_-_1872.jpg

Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?because Sholes knew stenographer's would be a large user base of the typewriter, and Clephane, being one, was the perfect tester

After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?it still took a lot of time to actually print the pages

Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?Ottmar Mergenthaler

What is meant by "typesetting"?it is when the molds are set to produce a whole page at once

Post an example of Linotype Machine.
http://www.ibiblio.org/orphanage/gallery/training/linotype.jpg

How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?it mechanically sets the type, and prints whole lines at once

How did this machine change the newspaper industry?allowed for more type to be set more effectively

Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
http://uh.edu/engines/linotypeetaoinshrdlu.jpg

How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?it was arranged by most frequently used letters, as opposed to qwerty, and had no shift key

Post an example of a Linotype slug.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcemDfN0T0xlplkGdupePYXo09Qq3hbpm8nYStWRV86PeIXKj91aRSYFQtLFi5xKjA6XMQAEl3Hh56BTBwHGuGVAtjllDnVK5-NioHL3kUpYKZ9FL6ml0hIxUbeZLXw6inG_VRF6BCUTI/s400/linotype-slug-rollag.jpg

What is a slug?the entire line of type that a linotype machine casts as a single piece

Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
http://www.ibiblio.org/orphanage/gallery/training/linotype.jpg

Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
it, like the invention of movable type, allowed for easier, quicker, and more widespread dissemination of words, but on a larger scale of course

Tuesday, March 13, 2012

The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?inventing the technology of movable type

Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall04/Phillips/press.jpg

How did the printing press work? ink would be rolled over the raised surface of block letters that would need to be hand placed. That form was then pressed against a sheet of paper

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?his love of reading and work at a gold mint

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?wood cuts were not durable, and a new block was needed for each new letter

Post an example of movable type in a type case.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Metal_movable_type.jpg/300px-Metal_movable_type.jpg

What is moveable type?the system of printing in which individual compenents are moved to create type

What is a matrix?a the copper alloy that Gutenberg used in his letter making process

What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?it was oil based and more durable than traditional water based ink

What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?a substrate made from wood pulp, in China

What is a "substrate"?it is the outer layer of "skin" on a plant

Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? Johan Fust, who was a businessman, if after 5 years he did not pay loans back, the press would go to Fust, but, though Gutenberg was successful, Fust sued

What was the first book he printed?
a two volume bible

Post an example of this book.
http://www.gutenberg-bible.com/gutenberg.jpg

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?perfected script, and it became easier to read. Information became more current and it increased literacy

Who introduced the printing press to England?William Caxton

What was the early form of newspapers?Trade newsletters

When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?The Boston Weekly in 1704

What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?A steam powered press

Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2499/4112145071_bfd1e1eaf8.jpg

By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
An impression is a whole page of movable type

Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
relief printing, it was the process described in the earlier question

Post an example of an intaglio press.
http://lib.store.yahoo.net/lib/madisonartshop/SC695100-400.jpg
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? it is when etches are filled with ink and the ink is transfered by adding pressure to damp paper

Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
http://www.printingplans.com/images/screen_printing_press.jpg

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?it is basically a stencil on mesh on which ink is pushed through

Post an example of a lithography printing press.
http://www.get-printing.co.uk/images/lithographic-printing-press.jpg

What is lithography and how is ink transferred?it is printing on a flat surface by ink being attracted to grease as opposed to water

Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhotcNQWUH-rNGs3ehCLFuyIVRhmuW5DHU_920DtY59jqj7b6FX4OoCrPGkMWKq40qoeCsPxC6CbCHAKYTZXvhEZA5cdt1EXCsHd-mjqRG89oeakOgAQV2LPCbYhciosOyS_F1Fi35H7Rz2/s1600/offset2.jpg

What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?offset lithography

How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?they are much more efficient and create cleaner prints

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
an image made only out of each color is made, and then they are all added together to create the final product

Monday, March 12, 2012

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

Post an example of a scroll.

http://www.effectivemusicministry.com/gebc/scroll-stock.jpg

What were the drawbacks of the scroll?

they would only allow for sequential reading
Post an example of a codex.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg

What is a codex?a covered and bound collection of handwritten pages

"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?

What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
one can go to any point to find info

What were the advantages of using the codex?it was more portable, and could be opened at any point

What helped spread the use of the codex?christianity

What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
parchment which is made from smoothed animal hide, certain ingredients were then added and it was stretched and then dried.

What is vellum?
a parchment made from the skin of young calves, more expensive

Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
newer books, and e-readers which imitate the book format

What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?fewer books being created as a result of the fall of the roman empire

Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Meister_des_Mar%C3%A9chal_de_Boucicaut_001.jpg/200px-Meister_des_Mar%C3%A9chal_de_Boucicaut_001.jpg

Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?monks

What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?the illustrations that adorned the pages of these codexes created by monks, initials and paintings

What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?natural quill pens

Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?because it was so hard to make

What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
it is the skill that is used to make things, because the good craftsmanship allowed these documents to last longer


Monday, March 5, 2012

Assignment 15: Research and Inspiration

  • Research, done in podcast
INSPIRATION
http://user.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/~holtei/surprise/popups/Aragonnativity.jpg I like the colors in this piece, the pale red and gold look nice

http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/images/rbri16329235_f96v.jpg I like the border used on this one, made of other things

http://www.winchesterartistsnetwork.org/images/Mary_hart/alpha.jpgI like the use of other objects and things "interacting" with the illuminated letter, i thing imma do something like this

Lyrics- Blue ridge mountains, fleet foxes

Font- Possibly germanica family- dafont.com